完整部署CentOS7.2+OpenStack+kvm 云平台环境-白红宇

完整部署CentOS7.2+OpenStack+kvm 云平台环境

阅读量：7227 次

发布时间：2019-06-29

本文共 54669 字，大约阅读时间需要 182 分钟。

1 OpenStack 介绍

1.1 百度百科

OpenStack 是一个由 NASA （美国国家航空航天局）和 Rackspace 合作研发并发起的，以 Apache

许可证授权的自由软件和开放源代码项目。

1.2 版本历史

1.3 openstack 架构概念

1.4 openstack 各个服务名称对应

***************************************************************************************************************

以下安装部署已经过测试，完全通过！

2 环境准备

openstack 主机名不能改，装的时候是什么就是什么，运维标准化。

1、 CentOS 7.2 系统 2 台

此处：

node1 即作为控制节点，也作为计算节点；【即可以单机部署，既是控制节点，也作为计算节点】

node2 就只是计算节点

控制节点去操控节点节点，计算节点上可以创建虚拟机

linux-node1.openstack 192.168.1.17 网卡 NAT em2 （外网ip假设是58.68.250.17）【em2是内网网卡，下面neutron配置文件里会设置到】

linux-node2.openstack 192.168.1.8 网卡 NAT em2

控制节点：linux-node1.openstack 192.168.1.17

计算节点：linux-node2.openstack 192.168.1.8

2.域名解析和关闭防火墙（控制节点和计算节点都做）

/etc/hosts

192.168.1.17 linux-node1.openstack

192.168.1.8 linux-node2.openstack

关闭 selinux

sed -i.bak s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g /etc/selinux/config

setenforce 0

关闭 iptables

systemctl start firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service

3 安装配置 OpenStack

官方文档 http://docs.openstack.org/

3.1 安装软件包

linux-node1.openstack 安装

*************************************************************************************

#Base

yum install -y http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-8.noarch.rpm

yum install -y centos-release-openstack-liberty

yum install -y python-openstackclient

##MySQL

yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server MySQL-python

##RabbitMQ

yum install -y rabbitmq-server

##Keystone

yum install -y openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi memcached python-memcached

##Glance

yum install -y openstack-glance python-glance python-glanceclient

##Nova

yum install -y openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-cert openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-scheduler python-novaclient

##Neutron linux-node1.example.com

yum install -y openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-linuxbridge python-neutronclient ebtables ipset

##Dashboard

yum install -y openstack-dashboard

##Cinder

yum install -y openstack-cinder python-cinderclient

*************************************************************************************

linux-node2.openstack 安装

*************************************************************************************

##Base

yum install -y http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-8.noarch.rpm

yum install centos-release-openstack-liberty

yum install python-openstackclient

##Nova linux-node2.openstack

yum install -y openstack-nova-compute sysfsutils

##Neutron linux-node2.openstack

yum install -y openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables ipset

##Cinder

yum install -y openstack-cinder python-cinderclient targetcli python-oslo-policy

*************************************************************************************

3.2 设置时间同步、关闭 selinux 和 iptables

在 linux-node1 上配置（只有 centos7 能用， 6 还用 ntp）

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y chrony

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf

22 allow 192.168/16 #允许那些服务器和自己同步时间

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable chronyd.service 开机启动

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start chronyd.service

[root@linux-node1 ~]# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai 设置时区

[root@linux-node1 ~]# timedatectl status

Local time: Fri 2016-08-26 11:14:19 CST

Universal time: Fri 2016-08-26 03:14:19 UTC

RTC time: Fri 2016-08-26 03:14:19

Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)

NTP enabled: yes

NTP synchronized: yes

RTC in local TZ: no

DST active: n/a

在 linux-node2 上配置

[root@linux-node2 ~]# yum install -y chrony

[root@linux-node2 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf

server 192.168.1.17 iburst #只留一行

[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl enable chronyd.service

[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl start chronyd.service

[root@linux-node2 ~]# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

[root@linux-node2 ~]# chronyc sources

3.3 安装及配置 mysql

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

default-storage-engine = innodb

innodb_file_per_table

collation-server = utf8_general_ci

init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'

character-set-server = utf8

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service #Centos7里面mysql叫maridb

[root@linux-node1 ~]#ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service'

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service

[root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation #设置密码及初始化

密码 123456，一路 y 回车

创建数据库

[root@openstack-server ~]# mysql -p123456

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 5579

Server version: 5.5.50-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE keystone;

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'keystone';

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'keystone';

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE glance;

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'glance';

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'glance';

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE nova;

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'nova';

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'nova';

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE neutron;

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'neutron';

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'neutron';

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE cinder;

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'cinder';

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'cinder';

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| cinder |

| glance |

| keystone |

| mysql |

| neutron |

| nova |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

参考另一篇博客：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5811167.html

修改下mysql的连接数，否则openstack后面的操作会报错：“ERROR 1040 (08004): Too many connections ”

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.4 配置 rabbitmq

MQ 全称为 Message Queue, 消息队列（ MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用

程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。

消息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通

信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过队列来通信。

队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。

RabbitMQ 是一个在 AMQP 基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循 Mozilla Public

License 开源协议。

启动 rabbitmq，端口 5672，添加 openstack 用户

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rabbitmq-server.service'

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service

[root@linux-node1 ~]# rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack #添加用户及密码

[root@linux-node1 ~]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*" #允许配置、写、读访问 openstack

[root@linux-node1 ~]# rabbitmq-plugins list #查看支持的插件

.........

[ ] rabbitmq_management 3.6.2 #使用此插件实现 web 管理

.........

[root@linux-node1 ~]# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management #启动插件

The following plugins have been enabled:

mochiweb

webmachine

rabbitmq_web_dispatch

amqp_client

rabbitmq_management_agent

rabbitmq_management

Plugin configuration has changed. Restart RabbitMQ for changes to take effect.

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart rabbitmq-server.service

[root@linux-node1 ~]#lsof -i:15672

访问RabbitMQ,访问地址是http://58.68.250.17:15672

默认用户名密码都是guest，浏览器添加openstack用户到组并登陆测试，连不上情况一般是防火墙没有关闭所致！

之后退出使用 openstack 登录

如何使用 zabbix 监控？

左下角有 HTTP API 的介绍，可以实现 zabbix 的监控

*********************************************************************************************

以上完成基础环境的配置，下面开始安装 openstack 的组件

3.5 配置 Keystone 验证服务

所有的服务，都需要在 keystone 上注册

3.5.1 Keystone 介绍

3.5.2 配置 Keystone

端口 5000 和 35357

1、修改/etc/keystone/keystone.conf

取一个随机数

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openssl rand -hex 10

35d6e6f377a889571bcf

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/keystone/keystone.conf|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"

[DEFAULT]

admin_token = 35d6e6f377a889571bcf #设置 token，和上面产生的随机数值一致

verbose = true

[assignment]

[auth]

[cache]

[catalog]

[cors]

[cors.subdomain]

[credential]

[database]

connection = mysql://keystone:keystone@192.168.1.17/keystone #设置数据库连接写到database下

[domain_config]

[endpoint_filter]

[endpoint_policy]

[eventlet_server]

[eventlet_server_ssl]

[federation]

[fernet_tokens]

[identity]

[identity_mapping]

[kvs]

[ldap]

[matchmaker_redis]

[matchmaker_ring]

[memcache]

servers = 192.168.1.17:11211

[oauth1]

[os_inherit]

[oslo_messaging_amqp]

[oslo_messaging_qpid]

[oslo_messaging_rabbit]

[oslo_middleware]

[oslo_policy]

[paste_deploy]

[policy]

[resource]

[revoke]

driver = sql

[role]

[saml]

[signing]

[ssl]

[token]

provider = uuid

driver = memcache

[tokenless_auth]

[trust]

2、创建数据库表，使用命令同步

[root@linux-node1 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone

No handlers could be found for logger "oslo_config.cfg" #出现这个信息，不影响后续操作！忽略~

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ll /var/log/keystone/keystone.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 keystone keystone 298370 Aug 26 11:36 /var/log/keystone/keystone.log ##之所以上面 su 切换是因为这个日志文件属主

[root@linux-node1 config]# mysql -h 192.168.1.17 -u keystone -p #数据库检查表,生产环境密码不要用keystone，改成复杂点的密码

3、启动 memcached 和 apache

启动 memcached

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable memcached

[root@linux-node1 ~]#ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/memcached.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/memcached.service'

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start memcached

配置 httpd

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ServerName 192.168.56.11:80

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi-keystone.conf

Listen 5000

Listen 35357

WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-public processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}

WSGIProcessGroup keystone-public

WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-public

WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

WSGIPassAuthorization On

ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"

</IfVersion>

ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log

CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined

Require all granted

</IfVersion>

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</IfVersion>

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-admin processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}

WSGIProcessGroup keystone-admin

WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-admin

WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

WSGIPassAuthorization On

ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"

</IfVersion>

ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log

CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined

Require all granted

</IfVersion>

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</IfVersion>

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

启动 httpd

[root@linux-node1 config]# systemctl enable httpd

[root@linux-node1 config]#ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'

[root@linux-node1 config]# systemctl start httpd

[root@linux-node1 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep httpd

tcp6 0 0 :::5000 :::* LISTEN 23632/httpd

tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 23632/httpd

tcp6 0 0 :::35357 :::* LISTEN 23632/httpd

如果 http 起不来关闭 selinux 或者安装 yum install openstack-selinux

4、创建 keystone 用户

临时设置 admin_token 用户的环境变量，用来创建用户

[root@linux-node1 ~]# export OS_TOKEN=35d6e6f377a889571bcf #上面产生的随机数值

[root@linux-node1 ~]# export OS_URL=http://192.168.1.17:35357/v3

[root@linux-node1 ~]# export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

创建 admin 项目---创建 admin 用户（密码 admin，生产不要这么玩） ---创建 admin 角色---把 admin 用户加入到 admin 项目赋予 admin 的角色（三个 admin 的位置：项目，用户，角色）

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack project create --domain default --description "Admin Project" admin

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt admin

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack role create admin

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack role add --project admin --user admin admin

创建一个普通用户 demo

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack project create --domain default --description "Demo Project" demo

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack user create --domain default --password=demo demo

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack role create user

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack role add --project demo --user demo user

创建 service 项目，用来管理其他服务用

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack project create --domain default --description "Service Project" service

以上的名字都是固定的，不能改

查看创建的而用户和项目

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack user list

+----------------------------------+-------+

| ID | Name |

+----------------------------------+-------+

| b1f164577a2d43b9a6393527f38e3f75 | demo |

| b694d8f0b70b41d883665f9524c77766 | admin |

+----------------------------------+-------+

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack project list

+----------------------------------+---------+

| ID | Name |

+----------------------------------+---------+

| 604f9f78853847ac9ea3c31f2c7f677d | demo |

| 777f4f0108b1476eabc11e00dccaea9f | admin |

| aa087f62f1d44676834d43d0d902d473 | service |

+----------------------------------+---------+

5、注册 keystone 服务，以下三种类型分别为公共的、内部的、管理的。

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack service create --name keystone --description "OpenStack Identity" identity

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne identity public http://192.168.1.17:5000/v2.0

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne identity internal http://192.168.1.17:5000/v2.0

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne identity admin http://192.168.1.17:35357/v2.0

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint list #查看

+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+----

-------+---------------------------------+

Interface | URL |

+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+----

-------+---------------------------------+

internal | http://192.168.1.17:5000/v2.0 |

| http://192.168.1.17:5000/v2.0 |

| http://192.168.1.17:35357/v2.0 |

+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+----

-------+---------------------------------+

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint delete ID #使用这个命令删除

6、验证，获取 token，只有获取到才能说明 keystone 配置成功

[root@linux-node1 ~]# unset OS_TOKEN

[root@linux-node1 ~]# unset OS_URL

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack --os-auth-url http://192.168.1.17:35357/v3 --os-project-domain-id default --os-user-domain-id default --os-project-name admin --os-username admin --os-auth-type password token issue #回车

Password: admin

+------------+----------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+------------+----------------------------------+

| expires | 2015-12-17T04:22:00.600668Z |

| id | 1b530a078b874438aadb77af11ce297e |

| project_id | 777f4f0108b1476eabc11e00dccaea9f |

| user_id | b694d8f0b70b41d883665f9524c77766 |

+------------+----------------------------------+

使用环境变量来获取 token，环境变量在后面创建虚拟机时也需要用。

创建两个环境变量文件，使用时直接 source！！！（注意，下面两个sh文件所在的路径，在查看命令前都要source下，不然会报错！！）

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat admin-openrc.sh

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=default

export OS_USER_DOMAIN_ID=default

export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin

export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin

export OS_USERNAME=admin

export OS_PASSWORD=admin

export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.1.17:35357/v3

export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat demo-openrc.sh

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=default

export OS_USER_DOMAIN_ID=default

export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo

export OS_TENANT_NAME=demo

export OS_USERNAME=demo

export OS_PASSWORD=demo

export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.1.17:5000/v3

export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

[root@linux-node1 ~]# source admin-openrc.sh

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack token issue

+------------+----------------------------------+

| Field | Value |

+------------+----------------------------------+

| expires | 2015-12-17T04:26:08.625399Z |

| id | 58370ae3b9bb4c07a67700dd184ad3b1 |

| project_id | 777f4f0108b1476eabc11e00dccaea9f |

| user_id | b694d8f0b70b41d883665f9524c77766 |

+------------+----------------------------------+

3.6 配置 glance 镜像服务

3.6.1 glance 介绍

3.6.2 glance 配置

端口：

api 9191

registry 9292

1、修改/etc/glance/glance-api.conf 和/etc/glance/glance-registry.conf

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/glance/glance-api.conf|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"

[DEFAULT]

verbose=True

notification_driver = noop #galnce 不需要消息队列

[database]

connection=mysql://glance:glance@192.168.1.17/glance

[glance_store]

default_store=file

filesystem_store_datadir=/var/lib/glance/images/

[image_format]

[keystone_authtoken]

auth_uri = http://192.168.1.17:5000

auth_url = http://192.168.1.17:35357

auth_plugin = password

project_domain_id = default

user_domain_id = default

project_name = service

username = glance

password = glance

[matchmaker_redis]

[matchmaker_ring]

[oslo_concurrency]

[oslo_messaging_amqp]

[oslo_messaging_qpid]

[oslo_messaging_rabbit]

[oslo_policy]

[paste_deploy]

flavor=keystone

[store_type_location_strategy]

[task]

[taskflow_executor]

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"

[DEFAULT]

verbose=True

notification_driver = noop

[database]

connection=mysql://glance:glance@192.168.1.17/glance

[glance_store]

[keystone_authtoken]

auth_uri = http://192.168.1.17:5000

auth_url = http://192.168.1.17:35357

auth_plugin = password

project_domain_id = default

user_domain_id = default

project_name = service

username = glance

password = glance

[matchmaker_redis]

[matchmaker_ring]

[oslo_messaging_amqp]

[oslo_messaging_qpid]

[oslo_messaging_rabbit]

[oslo_policy]

[paste_deploy]

flavor=keystone

2、创建数据库表，同步数据库

[root@linux-node1 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance

[root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -h 192.168.1.17 -uglance -p

3、创建关于 glance 的 keystone 用户

[root@linux-node1 ~]# source admin-openrc.sh

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password=glance glance

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack role add --project service --user glance admin

4、启动 glance

[root@linux-node1 ~]#systemctl enable openstack-glance-api

[root@linux-node1 ~]#systemctl enable openstack-glance-registry

[root@linux-node1 ~]#systemctl start openstack-glance-api

[root@linux-node1 ~]#systemctl start openstack-glance-registry

[root@linux-node1 ~]# netstat -lnutp |grep 9191 #registry

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9191 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

24890/python2

[root@linux-node1 ~]# netstat -lnutp |grep 9292 #api

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9292 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

24877/python2

5、在 keystone 上注册

[root@linux-node1 ~]# source admin-openrc.sh

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack service create --name glance --description "OpenStack Image service" image

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://192.168.1.17:9292

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://192.168.1.17:9292

[root@linux-node1 ~]#openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://192.168.1.17:9292

6、添加 glance 环境变量并测试

[root@linux-node1 src]# echo "export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2" | tee -a admin-openrc.sh demo-openrc.sh

[root@linux-node1 src]# glance image-list

+----+------+

| ID | Name |

+----+------+

7、下载镜像并上传到 glance 【此处下载的qcow2格式镜像比较小，可以直接下载ios格式镜像，然后用oz工具制造】

[root@linux-node1 ~]# wget -q http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.4/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img #也可以提前下载下来

[root@linux-node1 ~]# glance image-create --name "cirros" --file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --visibility public --progress

[=============================>] 100%

+------------------+--------------------------------------+

| Property | Value |

+------------------+--------------------------------------+

| checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 |

| container_format | bare |

| created_at | 2015-12-17T04:11:02Z |

| disk_format | qcow2 |

| id | 2707a30b-853f-4d04-861d-e05b0f1855c8 |

| min_disk | 0 |

| min_ram | 0 |

| name | cirros |

| owner | 777f4f0108b1476eabc11e00dccaea9f |

| protected | False |

| size | 13287936 |

| status | active |

| tags | [] |

| updated_at | 2015-12-17T04:11:03Z |

| virtual_size | None |

| visibility | public |

+------------------+--------------------------------------+

************************************************************************************

下载ios格式镜像，需要用OZ工具制造openstack镜像，具体操作请见另一篇博客：

实际生产环境下，肯定要使用ios镜像进行制作了

http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5821823.html

************************************************************************************

或者直接下载centos的qcow2格式镜像进行上传，qcow2格式镜像直接就可以在openstack里使用，不需要进行格式转换！

下载地址：http://cloud.centos.org/centos，可以到里面下载centos5/6/7的qcow2格式的镜像

[root@linux-node1 ~]#wget http://cloud.centos.org/centos/7/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2

[root@linux-node1 ~]#glance image-create --name "CentOS-7-x86_64" --file CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --visibility public --progress

************************************************************************************

[root@linux-node1 ~]# glance image-list

+--------------------------------------+--------+

| ID | Name |

+--------------------------------------+--------+

| 2707a30b-853f-4d04-861d-e05b0f1855c8 | cirros |

+--------------------------------------+--------+

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ll /var/lib/glance/images/

总用量 12980

-rw-r-----. 1 glance glance 1569390592 Aug 26 12:50 35b36f08-eeb9-4a91-9366-561f0a308a1b

3.7 配置 nova 计算服务

3.7.1 nova 介绍

nova 必备的组件

nova scheduler

3.7.2 Nova 控制节点配置

1、修改/etc/nova/nova.conf

[root@linux-node1 ~]#cat /etc/nova/nova.conf|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"

[DEFAULT]

my_ip=192.168.1.17

enabled_apis=osapi_compute,metadata

auth_strategy=keystone

network_api_class=nova.network.neutronv2.api.API

linuxnet_interface_driver=nova.network.linux_net.NeutronLinuxBridgeInterfaceDriver

security_group_api=neutron

firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver

debug=true

verbose=true

rpc_backend=rabbit

[api_database]

[barbican]

[cells]

[cinder]

[conductor]

[cors]

[cors.subdomain]

[database]

connection=mysql://nova:nova@192.168.1.17/nova

[ephemeral_storage_encryption]

[glance]

host=$my_ip

[guestfs]

[hyperv]

[image_file_url]

[ironic]

[keymgr]

[keystone_authtoken]

auth_uri = http://192.168.1.17:5000

auth_url = http://192.168.1.17:35357

auth_plugin = password

project_domain_id = default

user_domain_id = default

project_name = service

username = nova

password = nova

[libvirt]

virt_type=kvm #如果控制节点也作为计算节点（单机部署的话），这一行也添加上（这行是计算节点配置的）

[matchmaker_redis]

[matchmaker_ring]

[metrics]

[neutron]

url = http://192.168.1.17:9696

auth_url = http://192.168.1.17:35357

auth_plugin = password

project_domain_id = default

user_domain_id = default

region_name = RegionOne

project_name = service

username = neutron

password = neutron

service_metadata_proxy = True

metadata_proxy_shared_secret = neutron

lock_path=/var/lib/nova/tmp

[osapi_v21]

[oslo_concurrency]

[oslo_messaging_amqp]

[oslo_messaging_qpid]

[oslo_messaging_rabbit]

rabbit_host=192.168.1.17

rabbit_port=5672

rabbit_userid=openstack

rabbit_password=openstack

[oslo_middleware]

[rdp]

[serial_console]

[spice]

[ssl]

[trusted_computing]

[upgrade_levels]

[vmware]

[vnc]

novncproxy_base_url=http://58.68.250.17:6080/vnc_auto.html #如果控制节点也作为计算节点（单机部署的话），这一行也添加上（这行是计算节点配置的），配置控制节点的公网ip

vncserver_listen= $my_ip

vncserver_proxyclient_address= $my_ip

keymap=en-us #如果控制节点也作为计算节点（单机部署的话），这一行也添加上（这行是计算节点配置的）

[workarounds]

[xenserver]

[zookeeper]

***********************************************************************

{网络部分为啥这么写：network_api_class=nova.network.neutronv2.api.API}

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ls /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nova/network/neutronv2/api.py

/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/nova/network/neutronv2/api.py

这里面有一个 API 方法，其他配置类似

***********************************************************************

2、同步数据库

[root@linux-node1 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova

[root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -h 192.168.1.17 -unova -p 检查

3、创建 nova 的 keystone 用户

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password=nova nova

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack role add --project service --user nova admin

4、启动 nova 相关服务

[root@linux-node1 ~]#systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-cert.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service

[root@linux-node1 ~]#systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-cert.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service

5、在 keystone 上注册

[root@linux-node1 ~]# source admin-openrc.sh

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service create --name nova --description "OpenStack Compute" compute

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute public http://192.168.1.17:8774/v2/%$tenant_id$s

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute internal http://192.168.1.17:8774/v2/%$tenant_id$s

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute admin http://192.168.1.17:8774/v2/%$tenant_id$s

检查

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack host list

+---------------------------+-------------+----------+

| Host Name | Service | Zone |

+---------------------------+-------------+----------+

| linux-node1.oldboyedu.com | conductor | internal |

| linux-node1.oldboyedu.com | scheduler | internal |

| linux-node1.oldboyedu.com | consoleauth | internal |

| linux-node1.oldboyedu.com | cert | internal |

+---------------------------+-------------+----------+

3.7.3 nova 计算节点配置

1、 nova compute 介绍

2、修改配置文件/etc/nova/nova.conf

可以直接从 node1 拷贝到 node2 上

[root@linux-node1 ~]# scp /etc/nova/nova.conf 192.168.1.8:/etc/nova/

手动更改如下配置

[root@linux-node2 ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf

my_ip=192.168.1.8

novncproxy_base_url=http://192.168.1.17:6080/vnc_auto.html

vncserver_listen=0.0.0.0

vncserver_proxyclient_address= $my_ip

keymap=en-us

[glance]

host=192.168.56.17

[libvirt]

virt_type=kvm #虚拟机类型，默认是 kvm

3、启动服务

[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd openstack-nova-compute

[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl start libvirtd openstack-nova-compute

4、在控制节点测试（计算节点上也行，需要环境变量）

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack host list

+---------------------------+-------------+----------+

| Host Name | Service | Zone |

+---------------------------+-------------+----------+

| linux-node1.oldboyedu.com | conductor | internal |

| linux-node1.oldboyedu.com | consoleauth | internal |

| linux-node1.oldboyedu.com | scheduler | internal |

| linux-node1.oldboyedu.com | cert | internal |

| linux-node2.oldboyedu.com | compute | nova |

+---------------------------+-------------+----------+

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova image-list #测试 glance 是否正常

+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+

+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+

+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova endpoints #测试 keystone

WARNING: keystone has no endpoint in ! Available endpoints for this service: #这一行告警不影响后面的操作！

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| keystone | Value |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| id | 02fed35802734518922d0ca2d672f469 |

| interface | internal |

| region | RegionOne |

| region_id | RegionOne |

| url | http://192.168.1.17:5000/v2.0 |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| keystone | Value |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| id | 52b0a1a700f04773a220ff0e365dea45 |

| interface | public |

| region | RegionOne |

| region_id | RegionOne |

| url | http://192.168.1.17:5000/v2.0 |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| keystone | Value |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| id | 88df7df6427d45619df192979219e65c |

| interface | admin |

| region | RegionOne |

| region_id | RegionOne |

| url | http://192.168.1.17:35357/v2.0 |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

WARNING: nova has no endpoint in ! Available endpoints for this service:

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

| nova | Value |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

| id | 1a3115941ff54b7499a800c7c43ee92a |

| interface | internal |

| region | RegionOne |

| region_id | RegionOne |

| url | http://192.168.1.17:8774/v2/65a0c00638c247a0a274837aa6eb165f |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

| nova | Value |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

| id | 5278f33a42754c9a8d90937932b8c0b3 |

| interface | admin |

| region | RegionOne |

| region_id | RegionOne |

| url | http://192.168.1.17:8774/v2/65a0c00638c247a0a274837aa6eb165f |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

| nova | Value |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

| id | 8c4fa7b9a24949c5882949d13d161d36 |

| interface | public |

| region | RegionOne |

| region_id | RegionOne |

| url | http://192.168.1.17:8774/v2/65a0c00638c247a0a274837aa6eb165f |

+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

WARNING: glance has no endpoint in ! Available endpoints for this service:

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| glance | Value |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| id | 31fbf72537a14ba7927fe9c7b7d06a65 |

| interface | admin |

| region | RegionOne |

| region_id | RegionOne |

| url | http://192.168.1.17:9292 |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| glance | Value |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| id | be788b4aa2ce4251b424a3182d0eea11 |

| interface | public |

| region | RegionOne |

| region_id | RegionOne |

| url | http://192.168.1.17:9292 |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| glance | Value |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| id | d0052712051a4f04bb59c06e2d5b2a0b |

| interface | internal |

| region | RegionOne |

| region_id | RegionOne |

| url | http://192.168.1.17:9292 |

+-----------+----------------------------------+

3.8 Neutron 网络服务

3.8.1 Neutron 介绍

neutron 由来

openstack 网络分类：

Neutron 组件

3.8.2 Neutron 控制节点配置（ 5 个配置文件）

1、修改/etc/neutron/neutron.conf 文件

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/neutron/neutron.conf|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"

[DEFAULT]

state_path = /var/lib/neutron

core_plugin = ml2

service_plugins = router

auth_strategy = keystone

notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = True

notify_nova_on_port_data_changes = True

nova_url = http://192.168.1.17:8774/v2

rpc_backend=rabbit

[matchmaker_redis]

[matchmaker_ring]

[quotas]

[agent]

[keystone_authtoken]

auth_uri = http://192.168.1.17:5000

auth_url = http://192.168.1.17:35357

auth_plugin = password

project_domain_id = default

user_domain_id = default

project_name = service

username = neutron

password = neutron

admin_tenant_name = %SERVICE_TENANT_NAME%

admin_user = %SERVICE_USER%

admin_password = %SERVICE_PASSWORD%

[database]

connection = mysql://neutron:neutron@192.168.1.17:3306/neutron

[nova]

auth_url = http://192.168.1.17:35357

auth_plugin = password

project_domain_id = default

user_domain_id = default

region_name = RegionOne

project_name = service

username = nova

password = nova

[oslo_concurrency]

lock_path = $state_path/lock

[oslo_policy]

[oslo_messaging_amqp]

[oslo_messaging_qpid]

[oslo_messaging_rabbit]

rabbit_host = 192.168.1.17

rabbit_port = 5672

rabbit_userid = openstack

rabbit_password = openstack

[qos]

2、配置/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"

[ml2]

type_drivers = flat,vlan,gre,vxlan,geneve

tenant_network_types = vlan,gre,vxlan,geneve

mechanism_drivers = openvswitch,linuxbridge

extension_drivers = port_security

[ml2_type_flat]

flat_networks = physnet1

[ml2_type_vlan]

[ml2_type_gre]

[ml2_type_vxlan]

[ml2_type_geneve]

[securitygroup]

enable_ipset = True

3、配置/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ linuxbridge_agent.ini

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"

[linux_bridge]

physical_interface_mappings = physnet1:em2

[vxlan]

enable_vxlan = false

[agent]

prevent_arp_spoofing = True

[securitygroup]

firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver

enable_security_group = True

4、修改/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"

[DEFAULT]

interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.BridgeInterfaceDriver

dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq

enable_isolated_metadata = true

[AGENT]

5、修改/etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini|grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"

[DEFAULT]

auth_uri = http://192.168.1.17:5000

auth_url = http://192.168.1.17:35357

auth_region = RegionOne

auth_plugin = password

project_domain_id = default

user_domain_id = default

project_name = service

username = neutron

password = neutron

nova_metadata_ip = 192.168.1.17

metadata_proxy_shared_secret = neutron

admin_tenant_name = %SERVICE_TENANT_NAME%

admin_user = %SERVICE_USER%

admin_password = %SERVICE_PASSWORD%

[AGENT]

6、创建连接并创建 keystone 的用户

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ln -s /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password=neutron neutron

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin

7、更新数据库

[root@linux-node1 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron

8、注册 keystone

[root@linux-node1 ~]# source admin-openrc.sh

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service create --name neutron --description "OpenStack Networking" network

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network public http://192.168.1.17:9696

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network internal http://192.168.1.17:9696

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network admin http://192.168.1.17:9696

9、启动服务并检查

因为 neutron 和 nova 有联系，做 neutron 时修改 nova 的配置文件，所以要重启

openstack-nova-api 服务，此处不用，因为上面的 nova 已经设置

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service

检查

[root@linux-node1 ~]# neutron agent-list

+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+

查看注册信息

[root@openstack-server src]# openstack endpoint list

+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

3.8.3 Neutron 计算节点配置

1、修改相关配置文件

从 node1 上直接拷贝

[root@linux-node1 ~]# scp /etc/neutron/neutron.conf 192.168.1.8:/etc/neutron/

[root@linux-node1 ~]# scp /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini 192.168.1.8:/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/

[root@linux-node1 ~]# scp /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini 192.168.1.8:/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/

修改计算节点的 nova 配置文件中 neutron 部分，并重启 openstack-nova-compute 服务，因为

上面 nova 计算节点也是从控制节点拷贝的，此处无需操作

2、创建软连接并启动服务

[root@linux-node2 ~]# ln -s /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini

[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl enable neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service

[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl start neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service

检查

[root@linux-node1 ~]# neutron agent-list

+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+

3.9 创建虚拟机

3.9.1 创建桥接网络

1、创建网络

[root@linux-node1 ~]# source admin-openrc.sh #在哪个项目下创建虚拟机，这里选择在demo下创建；也可以在admin下

[root@linux-node1 ~]# neutron net-create flat --shared --provider:physical_network physnet1 --provider:network_type flat

2、创建子网（填写宿主机的内网网关）

[root@linux-node1 ~]# neutron subnet-create flat 192.168.1.0/24 --name flat-subnet --allocation-pool start=192.168.1.100,end=192.168.1.200 --dns-nameserver 192.168.1.1 --gateway 192.168.1.1

3、查看子网

[root@linux-node1 ~]# neutron net-list

+--------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+

| id | name | subnets |

+--------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+

| 1d9657f6-de9e-488f-911f-020c8622fe78 | flat | c53da14a-01fe-4f6c-8485-232489deaa6e 192.168.1.0/24 |

+--------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+

[root@linux-node1 ~]# neutron subnet-list

+--------------------------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------+

+--------------------------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------+

| c53da14a-01fe-4f6c-8485-232489deaa6e | flat-subnet | 192.168.1.0/24 | {"start": "192.168.1.100", "end": "192.168.1.200"} |

+--------------------------------------+-------------+----------------+----------------------------------------------------+

需要关闭 VMware 的 dhcp

3.9.2 创建虚拟机

1、创建 key

[root@linux-node1 ~]# source demo-openrc.sh

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ssh-keygen -q -N ""

2、将公钥添加到虚拟机

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova keypair-add --pub-key .ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova keypair-list

+-------+-------------------------------------------------+

| Name | Fingerprint |

+-------+-------------------------------------------------+

| mykey | cd:7a:1e:cd:c0:43:9b:b1:f4:3b:cf:cd:5e:95:f8:00 |

+-------+-------------------------------------------------+

3、创建安全组

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova secgroup-add-rule default tcp 22 22 0.0.0.0/0

4、创建虚拟机

查看支持的虚拟机类型

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova flavor-list

+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

| 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

| 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

| 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | | 2 | 1.0 | True |

| 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | | 4 | 1.0 | True |

| 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | | 8 | 1.0 | True |

+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

查看镜像

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova image-list

+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+

+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+

+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+--------+

查看网络

[root@linux-node1 ~]# neutron net-list

+--------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+

| id | name | subnets |

+--------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+

| 1d9657f6-de9e-488f-911f-020c8622fe78 | flat | c53da14a-01fe-4f6c-8485-232489deaa6e 192.168.1.0/24 |

+--------------------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+

创建虚拟机【这一步容易报错，一般都是由于上面的 nova.conf 配置填写有误所致】

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image cirros --nic net-id=1d9657f6-de9e-488f-911f-020c8622fe78 --security-group default --key-name mykey hello-instance

5、查看虚拟机

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+---------------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+

+--------------------------------------+---------------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+

+--------------------------------------+---------------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+

*************************************************************************

如果要删除虚拟机（利用虚拟机ID进行删除）

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova delete 7a6215ac-aea7-4e87-99a3-b62c06d4610e

*************************************************************************

[root@linux-node1 src]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ssh cirros@192.168.1.101 登录查看

******************************************************************************

上面创建虚拟机的时候，openstack在neutron组网内是采用dhcp-agent自动分配ip的！

可以在创建虚拟机的时候，指定固定ip，方法详见于另一篇博客：

http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5822660.html

******************************************************************************

6、 web 界面打开虚拟机

[root@linux-node1 ~]# nova get-vnc-console hello-instance novnc

+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Type | Url

| +

-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| novnc | http://58.68.250.17:6080/vnc_auto.html?token=303d5a78-c85f-4ed9-93b6-be9d5d28fba6 | #访问这个链接即可打开vnc界面

+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.0 安装 dashboard，登陆 web 管理界面

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install openstack-dashboard -y

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings 按照下面几行进行配置修改

OPENSTACK_HOST = "192.168.1.17" #更改为keystone机器地址

OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user" #默认的角色

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] #允许所有主机访问

CACHES = {

'default': {

'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',

'LOCATION': '192.168.1.17:11211', #连接memcached

}

#CACHES = {

# 'default': {

# 'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',

# }

TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Shanghai" #设置时区

重启 httpd 服务

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

web 界面登录访问dashboard

http://58.68.250.17/dashboard/

用户密码 demo 或者 admin（管理员）

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

如果要修改dashboard的访问端口（比如将80端口改为8080端口），则需要修改下面两个配置文件：

1）vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

将80端口修改为8080端口

Listen 8080

ServerName 192.168.1.8:8080

2）vim /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings #将下面两处的端口由80改为8080

'from_port': '8080',

'to_port': '8080',

然后重启http服务：

systemctl restart httpd

如果开启了防火墙，还需要开通8080端口访问规则

这样，dashboard访问url：

http://58.68.250.17:8080/dashboard

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

前面建立了两个账号：admin 和 demo，两个账号都可以登陆web！只不过， admin 是管理员账号， admin 登陆后可以看到其他账号下的状态

demo 等普通账号登陆后只能看到自己的状态

注意：

上面的 Rabbit 账号 admin 和 openstack 是消息队列的 web 登陆账号。

比如一下子要建立 10 个虚拟机的指令，但是当前资源处理不过来，就通过 Rabbit 进行排队！！

*******************************************************************************************

修改OpenStack中dashboard用户登陆密码的方法：

登陆dashboard：

****************************************************************************************************

创建虚拟机的时候，我们可以自己定义虚拟机的类型（即配置）。

登陆openstack的web管理界面里进行自定义，也可以将之前的删除。

查看上传到glance的镜像

查看创建的虚拟机实例

自定义虚拟主机类型，设置如下：

（如果想让虚拟机有空闲磁盘空间，用于新建分区之用，则可以在这里分配临时磁盘）

我创建了四个虚拟机实例，采用的是同一个虚拟主机类型（即上面的kvm002），四个实例总共占用宿主机40G的空间。

登陆到openstack，可以看到，左侧一共有四个标签栏：

*****************************************************************************

可以在openstack界面里，在“计算-网络-网络拓扑”里选择“启动虚拟机”就可以再创建一个虚拟机

也可以按照快照再启动（创建）一个虚拟机，不过这样启动起来的虚拟机是一个新的ip（快照前的源虚拟机就要关机了）

查看实例，发现kvm-server005虚拟机已经创建成功了。默认创建后的ip是dhcp自动分配的，可以登陆虚拟机改成static静态ip

*****************************************************************************

在openstack 中重启实例有两种，分别被称为“软重启”和“硬重启”。所谓的软重启会尝试正常关机并重启实例，硬重启会直接将实例“断电”并重启。也就是说硬重启会“关闭”电源。其具体命令如下：

默认情况下，如果您通过nova重启，执行的是软重启。

$ nova reboot SERVER

如果您需要执行硬重启，添加--hard参数即可：

$ nova reboot --hard SERVER

nova命令管理虚拟机：

$ nova list #查看虚拟机

$ nova stop [vm-name]或[vm-id] #关闭虚拟机

$ nova start [vm-name]或[vm-id] #启动虚拟机

$ nova suspend [vm-name]或[vm-id] #暂停虚拟机

$ nova resume [vm-name]或[vm-id] #启动暂停的虚拟机

$ nova delete [vm-name]或[vm-id] #删除虚拟机

$nova-manage service list #检查服务是否正常

[root@openstack-server ~]# source /usr/local/src/admin-openrc.sh

[root@openstack-server ~]# nova list

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+

+--------------------------------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+

[root@openstack-server ~]# ll /var/lib/nova/instances/ #下面是虚拟机的存放路径

total 8

drwxr-xr-x. 2 nova nova 85 Aug 29 15:22 11e7ad7f-c0a8-482b-abca-3a4b7cfdd55d

drwxr-xr-x. 2 nova nova 85 Aug 29 15:48 67f71703-c32c-4bf1-8778-b2a6600ad34a

drwxr-xr-x. 2 nova nova 80 Aug 29 15:40 _base

-rw-r--r--. 1 nova nova 39 Aug 29 16:44 compute_nodes

drwxr-xr-x. 2 nova nova 4096 Aug 29 13:58 locks

*********************************************************************

virsh命令行管理虚拟机：

[root@openstack-server ~]# virsh list #查看虚拟机

Id Name State

----------------------------------------------------

9 instance-00000008 running

41 instance-00000015 running

[root@openstack-server ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu/ #虚拟机文件

total 16

-rw-------. 1 root root 4457 Aug 26 17:46 instance-00000008.xml

-rw-------. 1 root root 4599 Aug 29 15:40 instance-00000015.xml

drwx------. 3 root root 22 Aug 24 12:06 networks

其中：

virsh list #显示本地活动虚拟机

virsh list –all #显示本地所有的虚拟机（活动的+不活动的）

virsh define instance-00000015.xml #通过配置文件定义一个虚拟机（这个虚拟机还不是活动的）

virsh edit instance-00000015 # 编辑配置文件（一般是在刚定义完虚拟机之后）

virsh start instance-00000015 #启动名字为ubuntu的非活动虚拟机

virsh create instance-00000015.xml # 创建虚拟机（创建后，虚拟机立即执行，成为活动主机）

virsh suspend instance-00000015 # 暂停虚拟机

virsh resume instance-00000015 # 启动暂停的虚拟机

virsh shutdown instance-00000015 # 正常关闭虚拟机

virsh destroy instance-00000015 # 强制关闭虚拟机

virsh dominfo instance-00000015 #显示虚拟机的基本信息

virsh domname 2 # 显示id号为2的虚拟机名

virsh domid instance-00000015 # 显示虚拟机id号

virsh domuuid instance-00000015 # 显示虚拟机的uuid

virsh domstate instance-00000015 # 显示虚拟机的当前状态

virsh dumpxml instance-00000015 # 显示虚拟机的当前配置文件（可能和定义虚拟机时的配置不同，因为当虚拟机启动时，需要给虚拟机分配id号、uuid、vnc端口号等等）

virsh setmem instance-00000015 512000 #给不活动虚拟机设置内存大小

virsh setvcpus instance-00000015 4 # 给不活动虚拟机设置cpu个数

其中，涉及到不少openstack的常规操作命令

查看rabbitmq 队列

[root@openstack ~]#rabbitmqctl list_queues

查看keystone的用户

[root@openstack ~]#keystone user-list

查看keystone endpoint

[root@openstack ~]#keystone endpoint-list

查看keystone的role

[root@openstack ~]#keystone role-list

查看keystone 服务

[root@openstack ~]#keystone service-list

查看keystone租户

[root@openstack ~]#keystone tenant-list

查看租户情况

[root@openstack ~]#keystone tenant-get ID

查看keystone进程

[root@openstack ~]#ps -ef | grep -i keystone-all

查看日志是否有错误

[root@openstack ~]#grep ERROR /var/log/keystone/keystone.log

上传image

[root@openstack ~]#glance add name="Ubuntu 12.04 cloudimg amd64" is_public=true container_format=ovf disk_format=qcow2 < /root/precise-server-cloudimg-amd64-disk1.img

查看image

[root@openstack ~]#glance index

nova 命令查看image

[root@openstack ~]#nova image-list

查看image具体信息(ID是通过 glance index 查看获得）

[root@openstack ~]#glance show ID

查看nova 服务

[root@openstack ~]#nova-manage service list

创建密钥

[root@openstack ~]#nova keypair-add oskey > oskey.priv

[root@openstack ~]#chmod 600 oskey.priv

申请floating IP

[root@openstack ~]#nova floating-ip-create

安全组相关命令

[root@openstack ~]#nova secgroup-add-rule default tcp 22 22 0.0.0.0/0

[root@openstack ~]#nova secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0

[root@openstack ~]#nova secgroup-list

[root@openstack ~]#nova secgroup-list-rules default

查看虚拟机配置种类

[root@openstack ~]#nova flavor-list

创建虚拟机（一个test的虚拟机）

[root@openstack ~]#nova boot --flavor 2 --key_name oskey --image ea3ffba1-065e-483f-bfe2-c84184ee76be test1

完整创建一个虚拟机的流程

[root@openstack ~]#nova keypair-add oskey > oskey.priv

[root@openstack ~]#chmod 600 oskey.priv

[root@openstack ~]#nova flavor-list

[root@openstack ~]#nova image-list

[root@openstack ~]#nova boot --flavor 2 --key_name oskey --image ea3ffba1-065e-483f-bfe2-c84184ee76be test1

[root@openstack ~]#nova secgroup-add-rule default tcp 22 22 0.0.0.0/0

[root@openstack ~]#nova secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0

查看申请flating IP 列表

[root@openstack ~]#nova floating-ip-list

查看虚拟机

[root@openstack ~]#nova list

添加floating IP给虚拟机（id是虚拟机的ID，通过nova list获得）

[root@openstack ~]#nova add-floating-ip 7eb1d4b3-13fa-4e39-be17-3a27eb0db218 10.1.199.33

查看虚拟机的floating IP （nova list，就可以查看，需要等待1分钟）

[root@openstack ~]#nova list

ssh到虚拟机上（ubuntu的虚拟机，默认的用户名是ubuntu，只能用密钥登陆）

[root@openstack ~]#ssh -i oskey.priv ubuntu@192.168.22.2

删除flating IP （ID就是虚拟机ID，通过 nova list 获得）

[root@openstack ~]#nova remove-floating-ip ID 10.1.199.33

删除虚拟机

[root@openstack ~]#nova delete ID

创建10G的volume

[root@openstack ~]#nova volume-create --display_name "test volume" 10

查看nova volume情况

[root@openstack ~]#nova volume-list

把volume添加到虚拟机上

( ID是虚拟机的id，后面的1，是volume的ID）添加完后可以通过 nova volume-list查看结果

[root@openstack ~]#nova volume-attach 7eb1d4b3-13fa-4e39-be17-3a27eb0db218 1 /dev/vdc

查看虚拟机里的volume情况（登陆虚拟机里）

[root@openstack ~]# cat /proc/partitions

major minor #blocks name

253 0 10485760 vda

253 1 10474380 vda1

253 16 20971520 vdb

253 32 10485760 vdc

格式化分区

[root@openstack ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc

[root@openstack ~]#mkdir -p /mnt/volume

[root@openstack ~]#mount /dev/vdc /mnt/volume

删除volume

[root@openstack ~]#nova volume-detach VM_ID Volume_ID

创建snapshot ( 完成后可以通过 nova image-list 查看）

[root@openstack ~]#nova image-create 7eb1d4b3-13fa-4e39-be17-3a27eb0db218 "snapshot 1"

虚拟机重启，停止

[root@openstack ~]#nova suspend ac9e6a9f-58c3-47c3-9b4c-485aa421b8a8

[root@openstack ~]#nova resume ac9e6a9f-58c3-47c3-9b4c-485aa421b8a8

[root@openstack ~]#nova reboot ac9e6a9f-58c3-47c3-9b4c-485aa421b8a8

vnc

[root@openstack ~]#nova get-vnc-console myserver20 novnc

原文地址：

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/jiaoyanli/blog/818776

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